Computer Graphics ETCS 211
❖ Computer Graphics involves display, manipulation and storage of pictures and experimental data for proper visualization using a computer. ❖ Computer graphics is responsible for displaying art and image data effectively and meaningfully to the user, and processing image data received from the physical world. ❖ Typically, Graphics system comprises of a host computer with a support of a fast processor, large memory frame buffer and ➢ Display devices (Colour Monitors) ➢ Input devices (mouse, keyboard, joystick, etc.) ➢ Output devices (LCD Panels, Laser Printers, Plotters, etc.) ➢ Interfacing devices (TV Interface, Video I/O) CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR INTERACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS ✓ Easy communication between user and computer. ✓ Improves understanding of complex systems. ✓ Compact way to represent the information. DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS Creation is Time consuming. Costly to create effective computer graphics system. Not easy to create effective computer graphics. TYPES OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS 1. Interactive / Active Computer Graphics 2. Non-Interactive / Passive Computer Graphics
ACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS PASSIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS Dynamic control No control 2-way communication One way communication High bandwidth user interaction No interaction between user and hardware Modern applications Earlier supported 2-D, 3-D transformations No motion or updation APPLICATION AREAS Science & Technology Engineering Medicine(Medical Imaging) Business Industry Art Entertainment(Movies & Games) Advertising(Business/Web/Commercial publishing and TV Advertisements ) Education and Training Office Automation Desktop Publishing CAD/CAM Design(VLSI i.e. Very Large Scale Integration, Construction, Circuits) Scientific Visualization Simulation Studies & Simulators Cartography Multimedia Virtual Reality Process Monitoring GUI
VARIOUS APPLICATION PACKAGES AND STANDARDS AVAILABLE Core Graphics GKS(Graphics Kernel System) : By ISO[International Standards Organisation] & ANSI[American National Standards Organisation] SRGP(Simple Raster Graphics Package) PHIGS, SPHIGS & PEX 3D(where PHIGS – Programmers Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System) OpenGL(with ActiveX & Direct 3D) X-11 Based Systems COMPONENTS OF INTERACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS SYSTEM Interactive Computer Graphics consists of three components which can be used to see the output on the screen. These are as under: DIGITAL MEMORY BUFFER(FRAME BUFFER) : ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ This is a place where images and pictures are stored as an array. In today’s term Frame Buffer is called V-RAM i.e. Video RAM . It helps to store the image in bit form. It helps to increase the speed of graphics. TV MONITORS(OUTPUT DEVICE) : ❖ It is used to view the display by the use of CRT Technology. DISPLAY CONTROLLER :
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