Note for Computer Graphics And Multimedia - CGM by HIMANSHU GULATI

Topics ( 4 )

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Computer Graphics ETCS 211

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❖ Computer Graphics involves display, manipulation and storage of pictures and experimental data for proper visualization using a computer. ❖ Computer graphics is responsible for displaying art and image data effectively and meaningfully to the user, and processing image data received from the physical world. ❖ Typically, Graphics system comprises of a host computer with a support of a fast processor, large memory frame buffer and ➢ Display devices (Colour Monitors) ➢ Input devices (mouse, keyboard, joystick, etc.) ➢ Output devices (LCD Panels, Laser Printers, Plotters, etc.) ➢ Interfacing devices (TV Interface, Video I/O) CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR INTERACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS ✓ Easy communication between user and computer. ✓ Improves understanding of complex systems. ✓ Compact way to represent the information. DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS  Creation is Time consuming.  Costly to create effective computer graphics system.  Not easy to create effective computer graphics. TYPES OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS 1. Interactive / Active Computer Graphics 2. Non-Interactive / Passive Computer Graphics

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ACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS PASSIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS Dynamic control No control 2-way communication One way communication High bandwidth user interaction No interaction between user and hardware Modern applications Earlier supported 2-D, 3-D transformations No motion or updation APPLICATION AREAS  Science & Technology  Engineering  Medicine(Medical Imaging)  Business  Industry  Art  Entertainment(Movies & Games)  Advertising(Business/Web/Commercial publishing and TV Advertisements )  Education and Training  Office Automation  Desktop Publishing  CAD/CAM Design(VLSI i.e. Very Large Scale Integration, Construction, Circuits)  Scientific Visualization  Simulation Studies & Simulators  Cartography  Multimedia  Virtual Reality  Process Monitoring  GUI

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VARIOUS APPLICATION PACKAGES AND STANDARDS AVAILABLE  Core Graphics  GKS(Graphics Kernel System) : By ISO[International Standards Organisation] & ANSI[American National Standards Organisation]  SRGP(Simple Raster Graphics Package)  PHIGS, SPHIGS & PEX 3D(where PHIGS – Programmers Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System)  OpenGL(with ActiveX & Direct 3D)  X-11 Based Systems COMPONENTS OF INTERACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS SYSTEM Interactive Computer Graphics consists of three components which can be used to see the output on the screen. These are as under: DIGITAL MEMORY BUFFER(FRAME BUFFER) : ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ This is a place where images and pictures are stored as an array. In today’s term Frame Buffer is called V-RAM i.e. Video RAM . It helps to store the image in bit form. It helps to increase the speed of graphics. TV MONITORS(OUTPUT DEVICE) : ❖ It is used to view the display by the use of CRT Technology. DISPLAY CONTROLLER :