Note for Control System Engineering - CSE by sai krish

Topics ( 3 )

Text from page-1

Frequency Response Methods and Stability In previous chapters we examined the use of test signals such as a step and a ramp signal. In this chapter we consider the steady-state response of a system to a sinusoidal input test signal. We will see that the response of a linear constant coefficient system to a sinusoidal input signal is an output sinusoidal signal at the same frequency as the input. However, the magnitude and phase of the output signal differ from those of the input sinusoidal signal, and the amount of difference is a function of the input frequency. Thus we will be investigating the steady-state response of the system to a sinusoidal input as the frequency varies. We will examine the transfer function G(s) when s =jw and develop methods for graphically displaying the complex number G(j)as w varies. The Bode plot is one of the most powerful graphical tools for analyzing and designing control systems, and we will cover that subject in this chapter. We will also consider polar plots and log magnitude and phase diagrams. We will develop several time-domain performance measures in terms of the frequency response of the system as well as introduce the concept of system bandwidth.

Text from page-2

Introduction The frequency response of a system is defined as the steady-state response of the system to a sinusoidal input signal. The sinusoid is a unique input signal, and the resulting output signal for a linear system, as well as signals throughout the system, is sinusoidal in the steady-state; it differs form the input waveform only in amplitude and phase.

Text from page-3

Frequency Response Plots Polar Plots

Text from page-4

Frequency Response Plots Polar Plots   1000  999  1000 G   j  1 R  1 C  0.01 1 1  1 R C Negative   j   1    1   0.5   Im( G(  ) ) 0   0   0.5 0 0.5 Re( G(  ) )  1 Positive  1 0