Note for Biomedical Instrumentation - BI by Manju bashini

Topics ( 24 )

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UNI TI PHYSI OLOGYANDTRANSDUCERS:Cel landi t sst r uct ur e–Rest i ngandAct i onPot ent i al– Ner voussyst em:Funct i onalor gani zat i onoft hener voussyst em – St r uct ur eofner vous syst em,neur ons-synapse– t r ansmi t t er sandneur alcommuni cat i on– Car di ovascul ar syst em –r espi r at or ysyst em –Basi ccomponent sofabi omedi calsyst em -Tr ansducer s– sel ect i oncr i t er i a–Pi ezoel ect r i c,ul t r asoni ct r ansducer s-Temper at ur emeasur ement sFi beropt i ct emper at ur esensor s. Cel landi t sst r uct ur e  Cel li st hebasi cuni tofl i f e.Cel l sar et hebasi cbui l di ngbl ockofal lani mal si ncl udi ng humanbei ngs.  Cel l s ar e ofdi f f er entsi ze,shape,or ganel l e composi t i on and physi ol ogi calr ol es. Howevert her ear eanumberofst r uct ur escommont omostoft heani malcel l s.  Thecont ent soft hecel lar esepar at edf r om t heext er nalsur r oundi ngsbyt hepl asma membr aneorcel lmembr ane.I ti ssemiper meabl ei nnat ur e.I thel psi nr egul at i ngt he passageofmat er i al sbet weent hecel landi t ssur r oundi ngs.  Ther ear epr oj ect i onsatsomepor t i onsoft hecel lmembr anecal l edast hemi cr ovi l l i . Thesemi cr ovi l l ihel pi ni ncr easi ngt hesur f acear eaoft hecel lsoast oi ncr easet he amountofmat er i alpassi ngt hr ought hecel lmembr aneaccor di ngt oneed.  Cyt opl asm i st heconst i t uentoft hecel lencl osedbyt hecel lmembr ane.  Ther ear enet wor ksofbr anchi ngmembr anouschannel swi t hi nt hecyt opl asm cal l ed t heendopl asmi cr et i cul um.  Ther ear eal soanumberofsmal lpar t i cl esi nt hecyt opl asm cal l edt her i bosomes.  Endopl asmi cr et i cul ums wi t h associ at ed r i bosomes ar e cal l ed r ough endopl asmi c r et i cul um and endopl asmi c r et i cul ums wi t hout r i bosomes ar e cal l ed smoot h endopl asmi cr et i cul um.

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 Avesi cul aror ganel l epr esenti nt hecyt opl asm i scal l edt hemi t ochondr i a.  Themi t ochondr i aar ecover edbyt womembr anes, t heout ersmoot hmembr aneandt he i nnermembr anewhi chgoi nf orf ol di ngcal l edcr i st ae.  The space bet ween t he cr i st ae ort he f ol di ng oft he i nnermembr ane oft he mi t ochondr i ai st hemi t ochondr i almat r i x.  Met abol i c act i vi t i es oft he cel l( i ncl udi ng ATP synt hesi s)ar et aken car e by t he mi t ochondr i ahencei ti scal l edt hepowerhouseoft hecel l .

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Cel lSt r uct ur e  TheGol giappar at usi sanot hervesi cl ewhi chconsi st sofasetofsmoot h,f l at t ened

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ci st er naear r angedi npar al l elr ows.  Thegol giappar at usi sal socal l edt hedi ct yosome.  Thegol giappar at ushel psi npr ocessi ng, pi cki nganddi spl acementofpr ot ei ns.  Lysosomesar esmal l ervesi cul arst r uct ur escapabl eofdi gest i ngpr ot ei n,nucl ei caci d, pol ysacchar i deandot hermat er i al s.  Lysosomesar ei nvol vedi nt hei nt r acel l ul ardi gest i onandi nt r acel l ul arscavengi ngof wor nandpoor l yf unct i oni ngor ganel l es.