Notes for Power System Operation and Control - PSOC by RAJKISHORE SWAIN

Introduction, Single Subscript Notation, Double Subscript Notation, Power in Single Phase AC Circuit, Complex Power, The Power Triangle, Direction of Power Flow, Voltage and Current in Balanced Three Phase Circuits, Power in Balanced Three Phase Circuits, Per- Unit Quantities, Changing the Base in Per- Unit Quantities, Node Equations, The Single Line or One Line Diagram, Impedance and Reactance Diagrams.

Branch and Node Admittances, Mutually Coupled Branches in Ybus, An Equivalent Admittance Network, Modification of Ybus, The Network Incidence Matrix and Ybus.

The Power-Flow Problem, The Gauss-Seidal Method, The Newton-Raphson Method, The NewtonRaphson Method, Power-Flow Studies in System Design and Operation, Regulating Transformers, The Decoupled Method.

Distribution of Load between Units within a Plant, Distribution of Load between Plants, The Transmission-Loss Equation, An interpretation of Transformation C, Classical Economic Dispatch with Losses, Automatic Generation Control, Unit Commitment, Solving the Unit Commitment Problems.

Automatic Load-Frequency Control of Single Area Systems: Speed-Governing System, Hydraulic Valve Actuator, Turbine-Generator Response, Static Performance of Speed Governor, Closing the ALFC Loop, Concept of Control Area, Static Response of Primary ALFC Loop, Dynamic Response of ALFC Loop, Physical Interpretation of Results, The Secondary (“Reset”) ALFC Loop, Economic Dispatch Control.

The Two Area Systems, Modeling the TieLine, Block Diagram Representation of Two Area System, Mechanical Analog of Two Area System, Dynamic Response of Two Area System, Static System Response, Tie-Line Bias Control of Multi-area Systems.

The Stability Problem, Rotor Dynamics and the Swing Equation, Further Considerations of the Swing Equations, The Power-Angle Equation, Synchronizing Power Coefficients, Equal- Area Criterion for Stability, Further Applications of the Equal-Area Criterion, Multi-machine Stability Studies: Classical Representation, Step-By-Step Solution of the Swing Curve, Computer Programs for Transient Stability Studies, Factors Affecting Transient Stability