Note for Steam and Power Generation - SPG By pankaj khatak

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BETTER to view in LANDSCAPE VIEW in MOBILE 25-02-2018 STEAM AND POWER GENERATION Course Code : ME-206-L Course Credits : 3 Contact Hours : 3 hours/ Week Mode : Lectures by : Pankaj Khatak , M : 94162-44814 Course Assessment Methods Internal : 30 Marks • Two minor tests each of 20 marks (Best one counted). • Class Performance measured through percentage of lectures attended (4 marks). • Assignment and quiz (6 marks). External : 70 marks For the end semester examination, Nine Questions are to be set by the examiner. • Question number one will be compulsory and based on the entire syllabus. It will contain Seven Short Answers (2 marks each) type questions. • Rest of the Eight Questions (14 marks each) is to be given by setting two questions from each of the Four Units of the syllabus. • A candidate is required to attempt any other four questions selecting One from each of the remaining four units. All questions carry equal marks. Note : 1. Third minor will be taken only after the written request of students. 2. 75% attendance is compulsory to take the minor exams. 3. Make separate Notebook for this course to do the assignments etc. 4. References (symbols : 1,2,3….)are in the notes section or can be clicked as hyperlinks. 1

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25-02-2018 COURSE OBJECTIVES 1. Understand the combustion of fuels and formation of flue gases in the exhaust. 2. To understand the energy conversion in steam power plant through various vapor power cycles. 3. To recognize the parts and operations of high and low pressure steam boilers. 4. To analyze flow of steam through nozzles, turbines, engines and condensers. COURSE OUTCOMES 1. Calculate air-fuel ratio for combustion of different fuels and estimate the amount of flue gases in exhaust. 2. Explain the steam power plant components with the help of basic and advanced cycles. 3.Explain the construction and working of different steam boilers and estimate their performance. 4.Calculate the performance of steam nozzle, steam turbine, steam engine, and steam condenser. BOOKS RECOMMENDED: • P. L. Ballaney, “Thermal Engineering”, Khanna Publishers, 1994 • Mahesh M. Rathore, “Thermal Engineering”, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2010 • R. K. Rajput, “Thermal Engineering”, Laxmi Publication, 2017. • V. P. Vasandani, D. S. Kumar, “Treatise on Heat Engineering”, Metropolitan Book Company, 2012 2

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25-02-2018 SYLLABUS 3 Unit I Fuels and Combustion: Characteristics of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, Laws of combustion and reactions, Gravimetric and volumetric analysis, Air-fuel ratio, Exhaust gas analysis, Orsat apparatus. Calorific values of fuel, Bomb calorimeter, Numericals. Steam: Formation of steam at constant pressure, Variation in steam properties during phase change, Steam tables and their uses, Enthalpy – entropy (Mollier) diagram, Carnot and Rankine vapour cycles, Rankine cycle with reheat and regeneration, Numericals. Unit II Steam Generators: Classification of steam boilers, Essentials of a good boiler, Construction and operational details of Locomotive, Lancashire, Benson, Lamont, Loeffler and Velox boilers, Boiler mountings and accessories. Boiler Draught (Draft) and Performance: Natural (Chimney) draught, Maximum discharge through a chimney, Artificial draught, Evaporative capacity and efficiency of boilers, Energy balance in a boiler, Numericals. Unit III Steam Nozzles: Steam flow through a nozzle, Critical pressure ratio (maximum discharge condition) and its physical significance, Flow through actual nozzles, Supersaturated expansion of steam, Numericals. Steam Turbines: Working principle of impulse and reaction steam turbines. Vector diagrams of velocities, Optimum operating conditions of turbines, Compounding of impulse turbines, Losses in steam turbines, Performance analysis of steam turbines, Governing of steam turbines, Numericals. Unit IV Steam Engines : Construction and working of steam engines, Indicator diagrams, Performance of steam engines, Governing of steam engines. Numericals. Steam Condensers: Elements of a condensing plant, Types of condensers, Comparison of jet and surface condensers. Condenser and vacuum efficiency, Cooling towers, Numericals.

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4 25-02-2018 Unit I Fuels and Combustion: • Characteristics of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels • Laws of combustion and reactions • Gravimetric and volumetric analysis • Air-fuel ratio • Exhaust gas analysis • Orsat apparatus • Calorific values of fuel, Bomb calorimeter, Numericals. Steam: • Formation of steam at constant pressure • Variation in steam properties during phase change • Steam tables and their uses • Enthalpy – entropy (Mollier) diagram • Carnot and Rankine vapour cycles • Rankine cycle with reheat and regeneration, Numericals.