Notes for Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines - FMHM by ALOK KUMAR NANDA

Scope of fluid mechanics and its development as a science Physical property of Fluid: Density, specific gravity, specific weight, specific volume, surface tension and capillarity, viscosity, compressibility and bulk modulus, Fluid classification. Fluid statics: Pressure, Pascal’s Law, Pressure variation for incompressible fluid, atmospheric pressure, absolute pressure, gauge pressure and vacuum pressure, manometer

Hydrostatic process on submerged surface, force on a horizontal submerged plane surface, force on a vertical submerged plane surface.

Buoyancy and floatation, Archimedes’ principle, stability of immersed and floating bodies, determination of metacentric height.

Introduction, description of fluid flow, classification of fluid flow. Reynold’s number, Acceleration of fluid particles, flow rate and continuity equation, differential equation of continuity

: Introduction, Euler’s equation along a streamline, energy equation, Bernoulli’s equation and its application to siphon, venturimeter, orificemeter, pitot tube.

Loss due to friction, Minor energy losses in pipes Hydraulic Gradient Line (HGL), Total Energy Line (TEL), Power transmission in the fluid flow in pipes, fluid flow in pipes in series and parallel

Classification, Impulse and Reaction turbine; Tangential, Radial and axial turbine. Impulse turbine, Pelton wheel, bucket dimensions, number of buckets in pelton wheel, efficiency and performance curves.

Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine, velocity triangle and efficiencies, performance curve. Function of draft tube and casing cavitation

constructional features, vane shape, velocity triangles, Efficiencies, Multi stage centrifugal pumps, Pump Characteristic, NPSH and Cavitation.

Reciprocating Pump, Working principle, Discharge, work done and power requirement, Slip, Indicator diagram