Note for Transportation Engineering 1 - TE1 by G Venkatesh yadav

Topics ( 7 )

Text from page-1

www.alljntuworld.in JNTU World or ld LECTURE NOTES ON TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING JN TU W Department of Civil Engineering Downloaded From JNTU World (http://www.alljntuworld.in)

Text from page-2

www.alljntuworld.in JNTU World CONTENTS Highway development in india Necessity for highway planning Different road development plans Classification of roads Road network patterns Highway Alignment Factors affecting alignment Engineering surveys Drawing and reports Highway project. or ld CHAPTER 1 HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING TU W CHAPTER 2 HIGHWAY GEOMETRIC DESIGN Importance of Geometric Design factors affecting highway geometric design Design controls and CriteriaHighway Cross Section ElementsSight Distance ElementsStopping sight Distance, Overtaking Sight Distance Intermediate Sight Distance Design of Horizontal Alignment Design of Super elevation Extra widening Design of Transition Curves Design of Vertical alignment GradientsVertical curves JN CHAPTER 3 TRAFFIC ENGINEERING AND REGULATION Basic Parameters of Traffic Volume, Speed and density Traffic volume studies-Data collection and presentation Speed studies –Data collection and presentationOrigin and Destinations studies, Parking Studies Onstreet and offstreet parking Road Accidents – Causes and Preventive measures Accident Data Recording Condition Diagram and Collision Diagrams Traffic Signs – Types and Specifications Road markings-Need for Road Markings Types of Road MarkingsDesign of Traffic Signals- Webster method. II Downloaded From JNTU World (http://www.alljntuworld.in)

Text from page-3

www.alljntuworld.in JNTU World CHAPTER 4 INTERSECTION DESIGN or ld Types of Intersections Conflicts at Intersections Requirements of At –Grade intersectionTypes of at-Grade IntersectionsChanalization -Traffic Islands Types of Grade Separated Intersections Rotary Intersection –concept of Rotary Design factors of rotary Advantages and limitations of rotary intersections. CHAPTER 5 HIGHWAY MATERIAL, CONSTRUCTION ANDMAINTENANCE: JN TU W Highway material characterization Subgrade soil Stone aggregate Bitumen materials Construction of gravel road Construction of water bound macadam road Construction of bituminous pavements Surface dressing Bitumen bound macadam Bituminous concrete Construction of cement concrete pavements Construction of joints in cement concrete pavements Joint filter and seal Pavement failures Maintenance of highways Highway Drainage. II Downloaded From JNTU World (http://www.alljntuworld.in)

Text from page-4

www.alljntuworld.in JNTU World CHAPTER 1 HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING Overview History of highway engineering or ld Road transport is one of the most common mode of transport. Roads in the form of trackways, human pathways etc. were used even from the pre-historic times. Since then many experiments were going on to make the riding safe and comfort. Thus road construction became an inseparable part of many civilizations and empires. In this chapter we will see the di erent generations of road and their characteristic features. Also we will discuss about the highway planning in India. The history of highway enginnering gives us an idea about the roads of ancient times. Roads in Rome were constructed in a large scale and it radiated in many directions helping them in military operations. Thus they are considered to be pioneers in road construction. In this section we will see in detail about Ancient roads, Roman roads, British roads, French roads etc. Ancient Roads TU W The rst mode of transport was by foot. These human pathways would have been developed for speci c purposes leading to camp sites, food, streams for drinking water etc. The next major mode of transport was the use of animals for transporting both men and materials. Since these loaded animals required more horizontal and vertical clearances than the walking man, track ways emerged. The invention of wheel in Mesopotamian civilization led to the development of animal drawn vehicles. Then it became necessary that the road surface should be capable of carrying greater loads. Thus roads with harder surfaces emerged. To provide adequate strength to carry the wheels, the new ways tended to follow the sunny drier side of a path. These have led to the development of foot-paths. After the invention of wheel, animal drawn vehicles were developed and the need for hard surface road emerged. Traces of such hard roads were obtained from various ancient civilization dated as old as 3500 BC. The earliest authentic record of road was found from Assyrian empire constructed about 1900 BC. Roman roads JN The earliest large scale road construction is attributed to Romans who constructed an extensive system of roads radiating in many directions from Rome. They were a remarkable achievement and provided travel times across 2.7 m Sloping Wearing Surface 5cm thick Shoulder Slope 1:20 ______________ ______________ _ _______ Side drain ______________ _ _ _ __ ____________________________________ 4 Downloaded From JNTU World (http://www.alljntuworld.in)