Note for Software Project Management - SPM by kishan chandra

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Software Project Management By Kumar Kishan Chandra Ast. Professor R.D. & D. J. College Munger

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Software Project Management In this introduction, the main topics to be addressed will be: What is software project management? Discuss projects characteristics and its size categories. Are software projects really different from other projects? Software activities and flexibilities covered by project management. Waterfall model: in theory and in practice. What exactly do we mean by Software Project Management? To answer this, we need to look at some key ideas about the planning, monitoring and control of software projects. Projects to produce software are worthwhile only if they satisfy real needs and so we will examine how we can identify the stakeholders in a project and their objectives. Identifying those objectives and checking that they are met is the basis of a successful project. This, however, cannot be done unless there is accurate information and how this is provided will be explored. WHAT IS A PROJECT? Some dictionary definitions: “A specific plan or design” “A planned undertaking” “A large undertaking e.g. a public works scheme” Longmans dictionary The dictionary definitions put a clear emphasis on the project‟s being a planned activity. Another key aspect of a project is that the undertaking in non-routine: A job which is repeated a number of times is not a project. There is a hazy boundary in between. The first time you do a routine task, it will be very like a project. On the other hand, a project to develop a system that is very similar to previous ones that you have developed will have a large element of the routine. SOFTWARE + PROJECT + MANAGEMENT Software Project is a combination of tools and techniques and its methodologies used for SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT specific purpose . Management is a activity, which comprises of some functions which are : Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling.

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Tutorials - Software Project Management By Vinod Kumar Principles of Software Management : 1. Freeze the requirement before design. 2. Forbid (to oppose) coding before detailed design review. 3. Use high level programming language. 4. Complete unit testing before integration testing. 5. Maintain detailed traceability among all artifacts. 6. Thoroughly document each stage of design. 7. Access quality with the help of an independent team. 8. Inspect everything. 9. Plan everything with high precision. 10. Rigorously (carefully) control the source code baseline. About 90% of the time, the process obtained as a result of conventional development is late, over budget and expensive to maintain the software system. Unit testing and integration testing consume too much time and effort in developing the software. The success ratio in conventional software development is 10:1. Conventional: 1960-1970, Craftsmanship Organizations used custom tools, custom processes and virtually all custom components built in primitive languages. Project performance was highly predictable. Transition: 1980-1990, Software Engineering Organizations used more-repeatable processes and off-the-shelf tools (COTS: reusable). Mostly (>70%) custom components built in higher level languages and (<30%) were available as commercial products like OS, DBMS, Networking and GUI. Modern practices: 2000 and later, software production. - 70% component-based, - 30% custom Job Versus Projects „Jobs‟ – repetition of very well-defined and well understood tasks with very little uncertainty „Exploration‟ – e.g. finding a cure for cancer, the outcome is very uncertain „Projects‟ – in the middle!

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Tutorials - Software Project Management By Vinod Kumar Another key aspect of a project is that the undertaking in non-routine: A job which is repeated a number of times is not a project. There is a hazy boundary in between. The first time you do a routine task, it will be very like a project. On the other hand, a project to develop a system that is very similar to previous ones that you have developed will have a large element of the routine. Characteristics of Projects A task is more „project-like‟ if it is: Non-routine Planned - Non-routine tasks are involved - Planning is required the project has a predetermined time spam Aiming at a specific target - Specific objectives are to be met or a specified product is to created Work carried out for a customer - Work is carried out for someone other than you Involving several specialisms - Work involves several specialisms Made up of several different phases - Work is carried out in several phases Constrained by time and resources - The resources that are available for use on the project are constrained Large and/or complex - The project is large or complex Project Size Categories Trivial projects :One programmer few days/weeks 10 to 20 subroutines Small projects :One programmer 1000-2000 lines <500 statements 1 to 6 months 25 to 50 routines Medium size projects :2-5 programmers 1-2 years 10,000-50,000 source code 250 to 1000 routines include assemblers, compilers, process control applications, inventory systems, small management information systems. Large projects :5-10 programmers 2-3 years 50,000-1,00,000 source code include large compilers, small time-sharing systems, database, real time control system Very large projects :100-1000 programmers 4 to 5 years 1 million source instructions