Note for Engineering Chemistry-2 - EC2 by Engineering Kings

Topics ( 9 )

Text from page-1

CY6251 NGINEERING CHEMISTRY - II TABLE OF CONTENTS S.NO 1 2 SCE TITLE UNIT I WATER TECHNOLOGY PAGE NO 8 1.1 Introduction 8 1.2 Hard water and soft water 8 1.3 Boiler Feed water 8 1.3.1 Formation of deposits in steam boilers and Heat exchangers. 9 1.3.2 Caustic embrittlement 10 1.3.3 Boiler corrosion 11 1.3.4 Priming and Foaming 13 1.4 Softening or conditioning Methods 14 1.4.1 Zeolite or Permutit process 14 1.4.2 Ion-Exchange (or) De- ionization (or) Demineralisation Process 14 1.5 Internal Treatment (or) Internal Conditioning (or) Boiler Compounds 14 1.6 Desalination of Brackish water 20 1.6.1 Reverse Osmosis (R.O) 20 1.7 Glossary 21 UNIT II ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND CORROSION 22 22 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Types of cells 23 2.2 Electrochemical Cells 26 2.2.1 Reversible and Irreversible cells 27 2.3 Electrode Potential 28 2.3.1 Reduction Potential 28 2.3.2 Single electrode Potential 29 2.3.3 Standard electrode Potential 30 2.3.4 Measurement of Standard electrode Potential 30 2.4 EMF of Cell 35 2.4.1 Measurement of EMF of cell 36 2.4.2 Applications of EMF measurement 36 2.5 Electrochemical Series 36 2.5.1 Significance of EMF series 36 2.6 Nernst Equation 38 2.6.1 Nernst equation for reversible cell 39 2.6.2 Problems based on Nernst equation 40 2.7 Corrosion 40 2.7.1 Consequences of corrosion 40 2.8 Types of Theories of Corrosion 40 41 2.8.1 Dry or Chemical corrosion 2.8.2 Wet or electrochemical corrosion 42 2.9 Factors influencing the rate of corrosion 47 2.9.1 Nature of the metal 47 2.9.2 Nature of the environment 47 3 Dept.of S & H

Text from page-2

CY6251 3 4 SCE 2.10 Corrosion Control 2.10.1 By modifying metal 2.10.2 BY modifying the environment 2.11 Paints 2.11.1 Characteristics of a good paint 2.11.2 Constituents and their functions of paints 2.12 Metallic Coatings 2.12.1Electroplating 2.12.2 Electroless Plating 2.13 Glossary UNIT – III ENERGY SOURCES 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Nuclear Energy 3.2.1 Nuclear Fission 3.2.2 Nuclear fusion 3.2.3 Nuclear chain reaction 3.3 Nuclear reactor 3.3.1 Light water Nuclear Reactor 3.3.2 Breeder Reactor 3.4 Solar Energy 3.4.1 Solar energy conversion 3.4.2 Solar cell 3.4.3 Application of Solar Cells 3.5 Wind Energy 3.5.1 Wind Mill 3.6 Batteries 3.6.1 Types of batteries 3.6.2 Alkaline Battery 3.6.3 Lead Storage Battery 3.6.4 Nickel-Cadmium Battery 3.6.5 Lithium Battery 3.7 Fuel Cells 3.7.1 Hydrogen Oxygen Fuel Cell 3.8 Glossary UNIT – IV ENGINEERING MATERIALS 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Abrasives 4.2.1 Properties of Abrasives 4.2.2 Classification of Abrasives 4.2.3 Applications of Abrasives 4.3 Refractories 4.3.1 Characteristics of Refractories 4.3.2 Classification of Refractories 4.3.3 Properties of Refractories 4.3.4 Manufacturing of Refractories 4.4 Portland Cement 4 NGINEERING CHEMISTRY - II 48 48 51 52 52 52 53 53 54 56 57 57 57 57 57 57 59 59 60 61 61 61 61 63 63 64 64 64 65 65 66 68 68 70 71 71 71 71 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 Dept.of S & H

Text from page-3

CY6251 5 SCE NGINEERING CHEMISTRY - II 4.4.1 Chemical composition of Portland cement 4.4.2 Manufacturing methods 4.4.3 Setting and hardening 4.4.4 Other types of cements 4.5 Glass 4.5.1 Properties of glass 4.5.2 Manufacturing of glass 4.5.3 Types and uses of glass 4.6 Glossary UNIT V FUELS AND COMBUSTION 5.1 Definition 5.1.1 Characteristics for good fuel 5.2.1 Calorific value: 5.2.2 Gross or high calorific value (gcv) 5.2.3 Net or lower calorific value(ncv) 5.2.4 Theoretical calculation of calorific value ( dulong‟s formula) 5.3 Solid fuel 5.3.1 Advantages of solid fuels: 5.3.2 Disadvantages of solid fuels: 5.4 Coal 5.4.1 Proximate analysis & 5.4.2 significance of proximate analysis 5.5 Carbonization of metallurgical coke 5.5.1 Metallurgical coke 5.5.2 Otto-Hoffman‟s method 5.5.3 Recovery of by-products 5.5.4 Advantages of otto hoffman‟s process 5.6 Liquid fuels 5.6.1 Advantages of liquid fuels, disadvantages of liquid fuels 5.6.2 Petroleum 5.6.3 Refining of petroleum or crude oils 5.7. Knocking 5.7.1 Causes of knocking in S.I (petrol) engines 5.7.2 Improvement of anti knock characteristics 5.7.3 Octane number or octane rating 5.7.4Anti-knock agent 5.7.5Causes of knocking in C.I (diesel) engines 5.7.6 Cetane number or cetane rating 5.7.8 Diesel index 5.8. Hydrogenation of coal 5.8.1 Bergius process (indirect method) 5.8.2 Fischer-tropics process (indirect method) 5.9 Gaseous fuels 5.9.1. Compressed natural gas (CNG) 5.9.2 Producer gas 5.9.3. Water gas 5.9.4 LPG- liquefied petroleum gas 5 74 75 78 77 77 77 78 78 80 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 83 83 83 83 83 84 84 84 85 85 85 85 86 86 87 87 87 87 87 88 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 93 Dept.of S & H

Text from page-4

CY6251 6 7 NGINEERING CHEMISTRY - II 5.10 GLOSSARY QUESTION BANK UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS CY6251 97 98 158 ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY-II L T P C 3 0 0 3 og sp ot. in OBJECTIVES:  To make the students conversant with boiler feed water requirements, related problems and water treatment techniques.  Principles of electrochemical reactions, redox reactions in corrosiion of materials and methods for corrosion prevention and protection of materials.  Principles and generation of energy in batteries, nuclear reactors, solar cells, wind mills and fuel cells.  Preparation, properties and applications of engineering materials.  Types of fuels, calorific value calculations, manufacture of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. .bl UNIT I WATER TECHNOLOGY 9 Introduction to boiler feed water-requirements-formation of deposits in steam boilers and heat exchangers- disadvantages (wastage of fuels, decrease in efficiency, boiler explosion) prevention of scale formation -softening of hard water -external treatment zeolite and demineralization- internal treatment- boiler compounds (phosphate, calgon, carbonate, colloidal) - caustic embrittlement-boiler corrosion-priming and foamingdesalination of brackish water –reverse osmosis. Ci vil da tas UNIT II ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND CORROSION 9 Electrochemical cell - redox reaction, electrode potential- origin of electrode potentialoxidation potential- reduction potential, measurement and applications - electrochemical series and its significance - Nernst equation (derivation and problems). Corrosioncauses- factors- types-chemical electrochemical corrosion (galvanic, differential aeration), corrosion control - material selection and design aspects - electrochemical protection – sacrificial anode method and impressed current cathodic method. Paints- constituents and function. Electroplating of Copper and electroless plating of nickel. , UNIT III ENERGY SOURCES 9 Introduction- nuclear energy- nuclear fission- controlled nuclear fission- nuclear fusiondifferences between nuclear fission and fusion- nuclear chain reactions- nuclear reactor power generatorclassification of nuclear reactor- light water reactor- breeder reactor- solar energy conversion- solar cells- wind energy. Batteries and fuel cells:Types of batteriesalkaline battery- lead storage batterynickel- cadmium battery- lithium battery- fuel cell H2 O2 fuel cell- applications. UNIT IV ENGINEERING MATERIALS 9 6 SCE Dept.of S & H