Note for Environmental Engineering-II - EE-2 By Engineering Kings

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TABLE OF CONTENT S NO 1 TITTLE PAGE NO Unit I planning For Sewerage System 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Importance Of Sewerage System 2 1.3 Definitions Of Some Common Terms Used In The Sanitary Engineering. 3 1.4 Different Methods Of Domestic Waste Water Disposal Include (Systems Of Sanitation) 4 ww w.E 6 1.4.2 Combined System of Sewage asy 1.5 Partially Combined Or Partially Separate System 7 1.6 Sources of Sewage:- 8 En gin 1.7 Effects Of Flow Variation On Velocity In A Sewer 1.8 Quantity Of Storm Water 2 UNIT II SEWER DESIGN 2 Learning Objectives 12 eer 12 ing 14 14 2.1 Design Philosophy 14 2.1.2constraints And Assumptions 14 2.2 Design Steps 15 2.2.2 Step 2 - Preliminary Horizontal Layout 15 2.3 Infiltration To Sewer Pipes 2.3 Infiltration To Sewer Pipes 16 2.4 Storm Water Quantities 17 2.5 Design Of Sanitary Sewer Systems 17 2.5 Design Procedures 18 .ne t

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3 4 Unit III 23 Primary Treatment Of Sewage 3.1 Introduction 22 3.2 Pre-Treatment 23 3.1 Screening 24 3.2 Pre-Aeration Tanks 24 3.3 Primary Sedimentation Tanks 25 3.4 Odour Control 26 3.5 Septic Tank 27 ww Unit IV Secondary Treatment Of Sewage 4.1 Introduction 30 4.2ammonification 30 4.2.1 Biological Characteristics 31 4.3 Nitrification 31 w.E 4.4 De-Nitrification 4.5 The Operation asy 4.6 Phosphorus Removal En 4.6.1 At Slightly Acidic Ph 4.7 Process Selection 4.7.1methods Of Removal 5 32 gin 32 33 eer 34 ing 34 34 4.8 Chemical Oxidation 35 UNIT V DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE AND SLUDGE 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Wastewater Characteristics 37 37 38 5.3 Improved Analytical Techniques 39 5.4 Importance Of Improved Wastewater Characterization 39 5.5 Combined Sewer Overflows (Csos), Sanitary Sewer 40 Overflows (Ssos), And Nonpoint Sources 40 5.5.1 Future Trends In Wastewater Treatment 5.6 Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse 41 5.7 Biosolids And Residuals Management 42 5.8 Future Trends In Biosolids Processing 43 .ne t

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CE2354 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING II L T PC OBJECTIVE To educate the students on the principles and design of Sewage Collection, Conveyance, treatment and disposal UNIT I PLANNING FOR SEWERAGE SYSTEMS 9 Sources of wastewater generation – Effects – Estimation of sanitary sewage flow – Estimation of storm runoff – Factors affecting Characteristics and composition of sewage and their significance – Effluent standards – Legislation requirements. UNIT II SEWER DESIGN 9 Sewerage – Hydraulics of flow in sewers – Objectives – Design period - Design of sanitary and storm sewers – Small bore systems - Computer applications – Laying, joining & testing of sewers – appurtenances – Pumps – selection of pumps and pipe Drainage -. Plumbing System for Buildings – One pipe and two pipe system. ww w.E UNIT III PRIMARY TREATMENT OF SEWAGE 9 Objective – Unit Operation and Processes – Selection of treatment processes – Onsite sanitation - Septic tank, Grey water harvesting – Primary treatment – Principles, functions design and drawing of screen, grit chambers and primary sedimentation tanks – Operation and Mintenance aspects . UNIT IV SECONDARY TREATMENT OF SEWAGE 9 Objective – Selection of Treatment Methods – Principles, Functions, Design and Drawing of Units - Activated Sludge Process and Trickling filter, other treatment methods – Oxidation ditches, UASB – Waste Stabilization Ponds – Reclamation and Reuse of sewage - Recent Advances in Sewage Treatment – Construction and Operation & Maintenance of Sewage Treatment Plants. asy En gin eer ing UNIT V DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE AND SLUDGE 9 Standards for Disposal - Methods – dilution – Self purification of surface water bodies – Oxygen sag curve – Land disposal – Sewage farming – Deep well injection – Soil dispersion system - Sludge characterization – Thickening – Sludge digestion – Biogas recovery – Sludge Conditioning and Dewatering – disposal – Advances in Sludge Treatment and disposal .ne TEXT BOOKS 1.Garg, S.K., Environmental Engineering Vol. II, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2003. 2.Punmia, B.C., Jain, A.K., and Jain.A., Environmental Engineering, Vol.II, LakshmiPublications, Newsletter, 2005. REFERENCES 1.Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment, CPHEEO, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, New Delhi, 1997. 2.Wastewater Engineering – Treatment and Reuse, Tata Mc.Graw-Hill Company, New Delhi, 2003 t

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CE2354 UNIT I ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING II PLANNING FOR SEWERAGE SYSTEMS Sources of wastewater generation – Effects – Estimation of sanitary sewage flow – Estimation of storm runoff – Factors affecting Characteristics and composition of sewage and their significance – Effluent standards – Legislation requirements. 1.1 INTRODUCTION: Necessity for sanitation Every community produces both liquid and solid wastes .The liquid portion –waste water– is essentially the water supply of the community after it has been fouled by a variety of uses such as spent water from bathroom kitchen, lavatory basins, house and street washings, from various industrial processes semi solid wastes of human and animal excreta, dry refuse of house and street sweepings, broken furniture, wastes from industries etc are produced daily. ww w.E If proper arrangements for the collection, treatment and disposal are not made, they will go on accumulating and create foul condition. If untreated water is accumulating, the decomposition of the organic materials it contains can lead to the production of large quantity of mal odorous gases. It also contains nutrients, which can stimulate the growth of aquatic plants and it may contain toxic compounds. Therefore in the interest of community of the city or town, it is most essential to collect, treat and dispose of all the waste products of the city in such a way that it may not cause any hazardous effects on people residing in town and environment. asy En gin Waste water engineering is defined as the branch of the environmental engineering where the basic principles of the science and engineering for the problems of the water pollution problems. The ultimate goal of the waste water management is the protection of the environmental in manner commensurate with the economic, social and political concerns. eer ing Although the collection of stream water and drainage dates from ancient times the collection of waste water can be treated only to the early 1800s. The systematic treatment of waste water followed in the 1800s and 1900s. 1.2 Importance of sewerage system .ne t One of the fundamental principles of sanitation of the community is to remove all decomposable matter, solid waste, liquid or gaseous away from the premises of dwellings as fast as possible after it is produced, to a safe place , without causing any nuisance and dispose it in a suitable manner so as to make it permanently harmless. Sanitation though motivated primarily for meeting the ends of preventive health has come to be recognized as a way of life. In this context, development of the sanitation infrastructure of any country could possibly serve as a sensitive index of its level of prosperity. It is needless to emphasize that for attaining the goals of good sanitation, sewerage system is very essential. While provision of potable drinking water takes precedence in the order of provision of SCE 1 Department of Civil Engineering