Note for Internet of Things - IOT by srikant vas

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INTERNET OF THINGS MODULE-1 Introduction and concepts Definition: - The internet of things (IoT) is a computing concept that describes the idea of everyday physical objects being connected to the internet and being able to identify themselves to other devices. It has dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual “things” have identities, physical attributes and virtual network and use intelligent interfaces.  Dynamic and Self-Adapting:- IoT devices and system may have the capability to change dynamically depending upon the system and operating conditions or sensed environment. For example, the surveillance cameras can change their modes based on day or night.  Self-configuring:- IoT devices have self-configuring capability which allows large number of devices to work together to work provide certain functionality they can change their networking and update the software automatically.  Interoperable Communication Protocol: - IoT devices can communicate with number of interoperable (communicate with other devices without special effort) communication protocols. Unique ID: - IoT devices have a unique identity differentiated with unique IP address.  Integrated into Information Network: - IoT devices are integrated into the information network that allows them to communicate and exchange data with other devices and system. 1|Page VIGNAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

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INTERNET OF THINGS MODULE-1 PHYSICAL DESIGN OF IoT Things in IoT  The word “Things” refers to IoT devices which have unique identities and can perform remote sensing, actuating and monitoring capabilities. These devices can exchange and communicate with each other.  The IoT devices consists of several interfaces for connection to other devices both wired and wireless which includes 1. I/O interfaces for sensors 2. Interfaces for internet connectivity 3. Memory and storage 4. Audio and video interface IoT Protocols  Link Layer This protocol determines how the data is physically sent over the network layer (e.g. copper wire, coaxial cable or a radio wave). It determines how the packet are coded and signaled by the hardware device over the medium to which the host is attached. Example:-      Network/Internet Layer IEEE 802.3--Ethernet (wired connection) 802.11 –Wi-Fi 802.16—WiMax 2G/3G/4G—Mobile communication The network layers are responsible for sending of IP datagram’s from the source network to the destination network. It performs host addressing and packet routing. The datagram’s consists of source and destination addresses where host identifies using IP schemes as IPV4 and IPV6.  IPV4:- It is used to identify the devices on a network using hierarchical addressing scheme. It uses 32- bit address that allows total 2 32 or 4 billion devices 128 IPV6:- It is the new version of internet protocol which uses 128-bits address that allows 2 3 X 1038 address  or Transport Layer The transport layer protocols provide end to end message transfer capability independent of the underlying network. The function of the transport layer is to provide functions such as error control, segmentation, floe control and congestion control. 2|Page VIGNAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

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INTERNET OF THINGS MODULE-1  TCP: - It is most widely used for data transmission in communication network such as internet .it provides process to process communication using port numbers. It uses port number for communication which keeps Track of segments that are received and transmitted.  UDP: - It is the simplest protocol that involves minimum amount of communication mechanism. It is connectionless, unreliable transport protocol. It does not provide guaranteed delivery of the message. Application Layer An application layer protocol defines how application processes (clients and servers), running on different end systems, pass messages to each other. In particular, an application layer protocol defines:     The types of messages, e.g., request messages and response messages. The syntax of the various message types, i.e., the fields in the message and how the fields are delineated. The meaning of the information that the field is supposed to contain. Rules for determining when and how a process sends messages and responds to messages. Application layer protocol enables process to process connection using ports. J 3|Page VIGNAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

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INTERNET OF THINGS MODULE-1 Logical Design of IoT Logical design of an IoT describes about abstract representation of the entities and process without going to low level specifics of the implementation.  IoT functional Blocks APPLICATION SERVICES MANAGEMENT SECURITY COMMUNICATION DEVICE The IoT system consists of different functional blocks which provide the system capabilities. These blocks includes: Device: - This block deal with IoT device which provide sensing, monitoring and control functions.  Communication: - This block deals with IoT communication protocol.  Services: - This block deals with various types of IoT services such as device monitoring, device control services and device discovery.  Management: - This block used to monitor the complete IoT system.  Security:- It provides the security by providing the functions such as a authentication, authorization and data security.  Application:- IoT provides an user interfaces to monitor various IoT system where user can view and analyze the processing data. 4|Page VIGNAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT