Note for Dot Net Framework for Application Development - DFAD By kiran kumar

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Chapter 1 Introduction to .NET 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 .NET Framework 1.2.1 Net Framework and .Net Languages 1.2.2 Languages supported by .Net Framework 1.3 .NET Class Library 1.4 ASP vs. ASP.NET 1.5 Summary 1.6 Check your Progress - Answers 1.7 Questions for Self – Study 1.8 Suggested Readings 1.0 OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter you will be able to –    explain .NET Framework. describe the .Net languages. explain the .Net class library.  explain difference between ASP and ASP.NET. 1.1 INTRODUCTION Microsoft .NET technology you will have access to a new generation of advanced software joining the best of computing and communications in a revolutionary new way. The effect will be to totally transform the Web and every other aspect of the computing experience. .NET enables developers, businesses, and consumers to harness technology on their terms. .NET will allow the creation of truly distributed Web services that will integrate and collaborate with a range of complementary services to help customers in ways that today’s dotcoms can only dream of. The fundamental idea behind .NET is that the focus is shifting from individual Web sites or devices connected to the Internet to constellations of computers, devices, and services that work together to deliver broader, richer solutions. People will have control over how, when, and what information is delivered to them. Computers, devices and services will be able to collaborate with each other to provide rich services, instead of being isolated islands where the user provides the only integration. Businesses will be able to offer their products and services in a way that lets customers seamlessly embed them in their own electronic fabric. Microsoft .NET will make computing and communicating simpler and easier than ever. It will spawn a new generation of Internet services, and enable tens of thousands of software developers to create revolutionary online services and businesses. It will put you back in control, and enable greater control of your privacy, digital identity, and data. And software is what makes it all possible. However, Microsoft’s .NET technology will only succeed if others adopt this new standard. Source: http://vig.prenhall.com/samplechapter/013093285X.pdf 1.2 .NET FRAMEWORK The Microsoft .NET Framework is a software compatible work that is available with several Microsoft Windows operating systems. It includes a large library of precoded solutions to common programming problems and a virtual machine that Introduction to .NET / 1

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manages the execution of programs written specifically for the framework. The .NET Framework is a key Microsoft offering and is intended to be used by most new applications created for the Windows platform. The pre-coded solutions that form the framework's Base Class Library cover a large range of programming needs in a number of areas, including user interface, data access, database connectivity, cryptography, web application development, numeric algorithms, and network communications. The class library is used by programmers, who combine it with their own code to produce applications. Programs written for the .NET Framework execute in a software environment that manages the program's runtime requirements. Also part of the .NET Framework, this runtime environment is known as the Common Language Runtime (CLR). The CLR provides the appearance of an application virtual machine so that programmers need not consider the capabilities of the specific CPU that will execute the program. The CLR also provides other important services such as security, memory management, and exception handling. Source: https://sites.google.com/site/entirefacts/dotnet Version 3.0 of the .NET Framework is included with Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista. The current version of the framework can also be installed on Windows XP and the Windows Server 2003 family of operating systems. A reduced "Compact" version of the .NET Framework is also available on Windows Mobile platforms, including smart phones. NET Framework Advantages of .NET The .NET Framework provides the following advantages:   A consistent, object-oriented programming environment. A code-execution environment that: o Promotes safe execution of code. ASP .NET / 2

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Eliminates the performance problems of scripted or interpreted environments. o Minimizes software deployment and versioning conflicts. A consistent experience for both developers and users across various types of Windows-based and Web-based applications on multiple devices. Communication built on the industry standards to ensure that code based on the .NET Framework can integrate with any other code. o   .NET is based on open Internet standards, which include Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Extensible Markup Language (XML), and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). 1.2.1 .NET Framework and .NET Languages As mentioned on the .NET Framework page, .NET Framework is designed for cross-language compatibility. Cross-language compatibility means .NET components can interact with each other irrespective of the languages they are written in. An application written in VB .NET can reference a DLL file written in C# or a C# application can refer to a resource written in VC++, etc. This language interoperability extends to Object-Oriented inheritance. This cross-language compatibility is possible due to common language runtime. As you read on the .NET Framework page, when the .NET program is compiled, the output of the compiler is not an executable file but a file that contains a special type of code called the Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). This MSIL is a low-level language which is designed to be read and understood by the common language runtime. Because all .NET executables exist as IL, they can freely operate. The Common Language Specification defines the minimum standards that .NET language compliers must confirm to. Thus, any code compiled by a .NET complier can interoperate with the .NET Framework. The Common Type System (CTS) defines the rules concerning data types and ensures that code is executed in a safe environment. Since all .NET applications are converted to IL before execution all primitive data types are represented as .NET types. This means that, a VB Integer and a C# integer are both represented in IL code as System.Int32. Because both the languages use a common type system, it is possible to transfer data between components and avoid time-consuming conversions. 1.2.2 Languages supported by .NET Framework The table below lists all the languages supported by the .NET Framework and describes those languages. Language APL C++ C# Cobol Description/ Usage APL (A Programming Language) is one of the most powerful, consistent and concise computer programming languages ever devised. It is a language for describing procedures in the processing of information. It can be used to describe mathematical procedures having nothing to do with computers or to describe the way a computer works. C++ is a true OOP. It is one of the early Object-Oriented programming languages. C++ derives from the C language. Visual C++ is the name of a C++ compiler with an integrated environment from Microsoft. This includes special tools that simplify the development of great applications, as well as specific libraries. Its use is known as visual programming. C# called as C Sharp is a fully fledged Object-Oriented programming language from Microsoft built into the .NET Framework. First created in the late 1990’s was part of Microsoft’s whole .NET strategy. COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) was the first widely-used high-level programming language for business applications. It is considered as a Introduction to .NET / 3

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Eiffel Fortran Haskell Java Language Microsoft JScript Mercury Mondrian Oberon Oz programming language to have more lines of code than any other language. Eiffel is an Object-Oriented (OO) programming language which emphasizes the production of robust software. Eiffel is strongly statically typed mature Object-Oriented language with automatic memory management. Formula Translator, Fortran is one of the oldest highlevel programming languages that are still widely used in scientific computing because of its compact notation for equations, ease in handling large arrays, and huge selection of library routines for solving mathematical problems efficiently. Haskell is a computer programming language that is a polymorphic typed, lazy, purely functional language, quite different from most other programming languages. It is a wide-spectrum language, suitable for a variety of applications. It is particularly suitable for programs which need to be highly modifiable and maintainable. The Java language is one of the most powerful ObjectOriented programming languages developed till date. Its platform independence (not depending on a particular OS) feature makes it a very popular programming language. Microsoft JScript is the Microsoft implementation of the ECMA 262 language specification. JScript is an interpreter, object-based scripting language. It has fewer capabilities than full-fledged Object-Oriented languages like C++ but is more than sufficiently powerful for its intended purposes. Mercury is a new logic/functional programming language, which combines the clarity and expressiveness of declarative programming with advanced static analysis and error detection features. Its highly optimized execution algorithm delivers efficiency far in excess of existing logic programming systems, and close to conventional programming systems. Mercury addresses the problems of largescale program development, allowing modularity, separate compilation, and numerous optimization/time trades-offs. Mondrian is a simple functional scripting language for Internet applications. It is a functional language specifically designed to inter-operate with other languages in an OO environment. Current versions of Mondrian run on .NET. Mondrian also supports ASP.NET, allowing you to embed functional language code in web pages along with C# code. Oberon is a programming language very much like Modula-2 in syntax but with several interesting features. It's based on OOP concepts and provides a Windowsbased graphical user interface. Oz is a high-level programming language that combines constraint inference with concurrency. Oz is dynamically typed and has first-class procedures, classes, objects, exceptions and sequential threads synchronizing over a constraint store. It supports finite domain and feature constraints and has powerful primitives for programming constraint inference engines at a high level. ASP .NET / 4