Note for Control System - CS by NEERATI SIDDHIK
- Control System - CS
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Introduction to Control Systems & Classification Introduction At present days, due to the increasing complexity and automation of systems there is a great importance has been placed on the accuracy,high productivity systems etc., Control systems are applicable to achieve these concepts. Let’s stare our discussion with the definition of System What is a System? A System is an arrangement of various components in an interconnected manner to act together to perform a task. What is a Control System? A Control System is also a system of arrangement of various components in an interconnected manner to act together to perform a desired task. Classification of control systems 1. Natural control system and Man-made control systems Natural control system: It is a control system that is created by nature i.e, solar system, digestive system of an any animal etc. Man-made control system: It is a control system that is created by humans i.e, automobile, power plants etc. 2. Automatic control system and Combinational control system Automatic control system: It is a control system that is a that is made by basic theories from mathematics and engineering. This system mainly has sensors, actuators and responders. N.SIDDHIK M.Tech Assistant Professor Department of EEE
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Combinational control system: It is a control system that is a combination of natural and man-made control system i.e, driving a car etc. 3. Time-Variant and Time-Invariant control system Time-Variant control system: It is a control system where any one or more parameters of the control system vary with a time i.e, driving a vehicle. Time-Invariant control system: It is a control system where none of its parameters vary with time i.e, control system made up of inductors, capacitors and resistors etc. 4. Linear control system and Non-linear control system Linear control system: It is a control system that satisfies properties of homogeneity and additive. Homogeneous property: Additive property: f (x + y ) = f (x) + f (y) f (ax) = aF (x) Non-Linear control system: It is a control system that does not satisfy the principle of homogeneity and additive. 5. Continuous-Time control and Discrete-Time control system Continuous-Time control system: It is a control system where performance of all its parameters are function of time, i.e, armature type speed control of motor. Discrete-Time control system: It is a control system where performance of all its parameters are function of discrete-time, i.e, Microprocessor type speed control of motor. 6. Deterministic control system and Stochastic control system Deterministic control system: It is a control system where its output is predictable or repetitive for certain input signals or disturbance signals. Stochastic control system: N.SIDDHIK M.Tech Assistant Professor Department of EEE
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It is a control system where its output is unpredictable or non-repetitive for certain input signals or disturbance signals. 7. Lumped parameter control and Distributed parameter control system Lumped parameter control system: It is a control system where its mathematical model is represented by ordinary differential equations. Distributed parameter control system: It is a control system where its mathematical model is represented by an electrical network that is a combination of resistors, inductors and capacitors. 8. Single Input-Single Output (SISO) and Multi Input-Multi Output Single Input-Single Output (SISO) control system: It is a control system that has only one input and one output. Multi Input-Multi Output (MIMO) control system: It is a control system that has more than one input and more than one output. 9. Open Loop control system and Closed Loop control system Open loop Control System: Open loop Control System is a system in which output has no effect on input. The input signal controls the output through control action. This Open loop Control System is also referred as Non-feedback Control system. Where r(t) = Reference input u(t) = Actuating signal N.SIDDHIK M.Tech Assistant Professor Department of EEE
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c(t) = Controlled Output Examples of Open loop Control System are Washing machine, bread toaster, Sprinkler, Electric hand dryer etc., Closed loop Control System: Closed loop Control System is a system in which output has direct effect on Control Action through feedback. The input signal controls the output through control action. This Closed loop Control System is also referred as feedback Control system. Examples of Closed loop Control System are Temperature control system, water level controller, motor speed controller etc., Examples of Control System: Temperature Control System Open Loop system: The electric furnace shown in the figure is open loop system. The output in the system is the desired temperature. The temperature of the system is raised by heat generated by the heating element. The output temperature depends on the during which supply to remains ON.The ON and OFF of the supply is generated by the time setting the relay. The temperature is measured by a sensor, which gives an Analogue voltage corresponding to the temperature of the furnace. The analogue signal is converted to digital signal by A-to-D converter. N.SIDDHIK M.Tech Assistant Professor Department of EEE
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