Note for Renewable Energy System - RES by sravan palarapu

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VEER SURENDRA SAI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY BURLA, ODISHA, INDIA DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Lecture Notes on Renewable Energy Sources Subject Code: BEE1703 7th Semester, B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering & EEE) Department of Electrical Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology Burla Page 1

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Disclaimer This document does not claim any originality and cannot be used as a substitute for prescribed textbooks. The information presented here is merely a collection by the committee members for their respective teaching assignments. Various sources as mentioned at the end of the document as well as freely available material from internet were consulted for preparing this document. The ownership of the information lies with the respective authors or institutions. Further, this document is not intended to be used for commercial purpose and the committee members are not accountable for any issues, legal or otherwise, arising out of use of this document. The committee members make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. The committee members shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Department of Electrical Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology Burla Page 2

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Syllabus NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES (3-1-0) MODULE-I (10 HOURS) Energy Scenario: Classification of Energy Sources, Energy resources (Conventional and nonconventional), Energy needs of India, and energy consumption patterns. Worldwide Potentials of these sources. Energy efficiency and energy security. Energy and its environmental impacts, Distributed generation. Solar Energy: Solar thermal Systems: Types of collectors, Collection systems, efficiency calculations, applications. Photo voltaic (PV) technology: Present status, solar cells, cell technologies, characteristics of PV systems, equivalent circuit, array design , building integrated PV system, its components , sizing and economics. Peak power operation. Standalone and grid interactive systems. MODULE-II (10 HOURS) Wind Energy: Wind speed and power relation, power extracted from wind, wind distribution and wind speed predictions. Wind power systems: system components, Types of Turbine, Turbine rating. Choice of generators, turbine rating, electrical load matching, Variable speed operation, maximum power operation, control systems, system design features, stand alone and grid connected operation. Small Hydro Systems MODULE-III (10 HOURS) Energy storage and hybrid system configurations: Energy storage, Battery – types, equivalent circuit, performance characteristics, battery design, charging and charge regulators. Battery management. Flywheel-energy relations, components, benefits over battery. Fuel Cell energy storage systems. Ultra Capacitors. Bio-Mass and Bio-Fuels. MODULE-IV (10 HOURS) Grid Integration: Stand alone systems, Concept of Micro-Grid and its components, Hybrid systems – hybrid with diesel, with fuel cell, solar-wind, wind –hydro systems, mode controller, load sharing, system sizing. Hybrid system economics, Interface requirements, Stable operation, Transient-safety, Operating limits of voltage, frequency, stability margin, energy storage, and load scheduling. Effect on power quality, harmonic distortion, voltage transients and sags, voltage flickers, dynamic reactive power support. Systems stiffness. Department of Electrical Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology Burla Page 3

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ENERGY SCENARIO INTRODUCTION Any physical activity in this world, whether carried out by human beings or by nature, is cause due to flow of energy in one form or the other. The word ‘energy’ itself is derived from the Greek word ‘en-ergon’, which means ‘in-work’ or ‘work content’. The work output depends on the energy input. Energy is one of the major inputs for the economic development of any country. In the case of the developing countries, the energy sector assumes a critical importance in view of the everincreasing energy needs requiring huge investments to meet them. Energy can be classified into several types based on the following criteria: • Primary and Secondary energy • Commercial and Non commercial energy • Renewable and Non-Renewable energy • Conventional and Non-conventional energy 1.1 Primary and Secondary Energy Fig1.1. Major Primary and Secondary sources Primary energy sources are those that are either found or stored in nature. Common primary energy sources are coal, oil, natural gas, and biomass (such as wood). Other primary energy Department of Electrical Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology Burla Page 4